WASHINGTON — Americans are deeply divided along party lines in their views of President Trump’s actions in the most recent criminal cases brought against him, a new poll shows, with about half saying his alleged attempt to interfere in Georgia’s 2020 vote count was illegal.

The poll from the Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, which was conducted before Monday’s charges in the Georgia case, also shows that about half of Americans — 53 percent — approve of the Justice Department indicting Mr. Trump over his efforts to remain in office after losing the 2020 election.

The poll finds 85 percent of Democrats approve of the criminal charges brought August 2 by Special Counsel Jack Smith, compared with 47 percent of independents and just 16 percent of Republicans. Overall, 3 in 10 Americans disapprove, including about two-thirds of Republicans.

The survey suggests that the unprecedented indictments of a former president have done little to shake up a fundamental divide in the electorate: The majority of Americans disapprove of Mr. Trump, but he remains popular within the GOP.

Overall, 35 percent of Americans have a favorable view of Mr. Trump and 62 percent unfavorable. Among Republicans, though, seven in 10 view the former president favorably, and about 6 in 10 say they want him to make another run for the White House.

The poll was conducted August 10 to 14 , before Mr. Trump and 18 of his allies were indicted Monday in Georgia over their efforts to overturn the state’s election results but with strong indications that charges were imminent. 

At the time of the survey, 51 percent of U.S. adults believed Mr. Trump acted illegally in that case, including 16 percent of Republicans. That’s consistent with an AP-NORC poll conducted in June.

Mr. Trump has denied wrongdoing and says the charges against him are politically motivated as he seeks a rematch against President Biden.

Only about 2 in 10 American adults — 17 percent — say they have “a great deal” of confidence in the people running the Justice Department. The low level of confidence spans the political spectrum, with just 26 percent of Democrats, 14 percent of independents and 7 percent of Republicans saying they have a great deal of confidence in the federal law enforcement agency.

About half of Americans have “only some” confidence in DOJ, while about a third have “hardly any confidence at all.” Republicans are much more likely than Democrats to have hardly any confidence in the Justice Department, 48 percent to 18 percent.

“Trump is obviously running for president and the sitting administration is pushing to have their political rival arrested and put in jail,” said a 56-year-old Republican from Eldersburg, Maryland,  Cary Arnold. “Just on the surface that’s a very, very bad look. That’s something that you would expect to see in third world countries that are run by dictators.”

Mr. Trump’s actions did not cross the line to merit criminal charges, he said.

“I have not seen anything that seemed to be illegal,” Mr. Arnold said. “I know people have said that he did things illegally, but none of the things that they’ve said make any sense.”

Mr. Trump has been indicted four times since April, but Americans do not view the indictments equally.

About half believe Mr. Trump did something illegal when it comes to the January 6 breach of the Capitol and the Georgia charges, along with the case involving classified documents found at his home in Florida. 

Yet only about one-third say Mr. Trump acted illegally in allegedly covering up hush money payments to a woman who said he had an affair with her. That was the basis for charges Mr. Trump faces in New York City brought by the Manhattan district attorney, Alvin Bragg.

Overall, Americans say that Mr. Trump’s actions after the 2020 presidential election did more to threaten democracy than to defend it, 54 percent to 19 percent. 

One-quarter of U.S. adults say he did neither. Republicans are split on the impact of Mr. Trump’s decisions: 43 percent say he defended democracy, while 23 percent say he threatened it. About a third of Republicans say he neither defended nor threatened democracy.

“Trump and a lot of his supporters are saying, ‘They’re just using this to get at him in the election,’” said a 60-year-old Republican from Navarre, Florida, David Biggar, who twice voted against Trump. “I think he’s being targeted because he did stuff that he needs to be tried for.”

Americans largely disagree with Mr. Trump’s contention that the 2020 election was stolen from him. Seven in 10 say that Mr. Biden was legitimately elected president, a number that’s been consistent in the last year. But among Republicans, 57 percent say Mr. Biden’s election was illegitimate, compared with 32 percent of independents and 2 percent of Democrats.

A 58-year-old Republican from Springfield, Missouri, Treasa Howell, said a lot of the accusations against Mr. Trump ring true, but she believes they’re motivated more by politics than justice and Mr. Trump is being singled out.

“I honestly don’t feel like anybody in the political arena plays 100 percent fair,” Ms. Howell said. “I feel like it was a political indictment, but I absolutely believe it’s true. And that’s my problem with Trump.”

But if Mr. Trump wins the GOP nomination and faces a rematch against Mr. Biden, she’ll reluctantly vote for him, she said.