40 years ago, when Vice President Mondale won 49 percent in Iowa’s Democratic caucuses, far ahead of Senator Hart’s 16 percent, the press spotlight nonetheless immediately focused. With the help of a brilliant spot by consultant Ray Strother showing Mr. Hart tossing a hatchet into a tree, the Colorado senator went on to win the New Hampshire primary eight days later, 37 percent to 28 percent, and he suddenly became the favorite.

At the time, I thought Mondale’s performance was a more significant story than Mr. Hart’s. Yet only when Mondale, in debate, lampooned Mr. Hart’s platform as flimsy by echoing a Wendy’s “where’s the beef?” ad did the former vice president turn the race around, and he cinched the nomination only in the last primaries that June.

Should Mr. Hart’s precedent hold this year, Governor DeSantis, with 21 percent of the vote, and Ambassador Nikki Haley, with 19 percent, should be the focus of press attention in the seven days until the New Hampshire primary and the several weeks until the Nevada caucuses and South Carolina primary. Each trailed President Trump by slightly smaller margins than Mr. Hart trailed Mondale.

Yet unlike Mr. Hart, neither outpolled the polls. This cycle’s final iteration of Ann Selzer’s Des Moines Register/NBC News poll showed Mr. Trump leading with 48 percent to 16 percent for Mr. DeSantis and 20 percent for Ms. Haley.

Taking into account the data showing Ms. Haley’s voters with low levels of commitment and the weather forecast of subzero blizzards, Ms. Selzer got the numbers and order of finish right: “If turnout is low, it seems to me that a disproportionate share” of Ms. Haley’s “supporters might stay at home.” In retrospect, the Associated Press and the networks who were so eager to call the contest early could have done so on the release of Ms. Selzer’s poll.

Nonetheless, the prospects for Mr. DeSantis and Ms. Haley seem dismal compared to those of Mr. Hart in 1984.

One reason is that Democratic voters’ ties to Mondale then were not nearly so strong or emotional as Republican voters’ ties to Mr. Trump today. As President Carter’s in-the-loop vice president, Mondale was universally recognized as experienced — President Reagan’s debate line promising not to exploit his “youth and inexperience” wouldn’t have worked otherwise. His impeccable loyalty to Mr. Carter impressed moderate Democrats, and his background as a Vice President Humphrey acolyte impressed liberals.

Contemporary Republicans’ responses to Mr. Trump are more visceral and emotional. Supporters praise him for keeping all his promises, though he failed to build his big and beautiful wall, and for upholding traditional values that he has famously flouted in his personal life.

They see him as a protector of traditional American values against aggressive liberal assaults, against Black Lives Matter followers who would defund police, against transgender advocates who would allow men in women’s bathrooms, against President Biden’s policies that amount to an open southern border.

The record is clear that Mr. Trump’s support among Republicans skyrocketed when Democratic prosecutors brought flimsy criminal actions against him. His lead over Mr. DeSantis in national polls rose to 32 points, Mr. Trump’s exact margin over Mr. DeSantis in Iowa this week, from 15 points three weeks earlier when the Manhattan district attorney, Alvin Bragg, last March 30 brought a charge of fraud — on which no one was defrauded.

Mr. Trump has been criminally charged for contesting the 2020 election results, something not usually considered criminal, and the Mar-a-Lago prosecution for illegally retaining presidential records at Mar-a-Lago stands in contrast with Democratic prosecutors’ non-indictment of Senator Clinton for acts far more likely to have exposed American secrets to enemies.

It should not be hard to understand, even for those who find Mr. Trump’s persona distasteful, his varying stands on issues mistaken, and his conduct on January 6, 2021, indefensible, why many of his co-partisans believe he is being unfairly treated.

Mr. DeSantis’s prospects going forward look dismal. He carried only a handful of precincts in Iowa after campaigning indefatigably in all 99 counties. Many of Mr. Trump’s voters have positive feelings toward him, but not as positive as their feelings toward Mr. Trump.

His threat to challenge Ms. Haley in her home state of South Carolina, which doesn’t vote until February 24, seems hollow. Mr. DeSantis’s campaign has been based on steely logic and the facts of his accomplishments in Florida. Yet in politics, prose can be beaten by even dreadful poetry.

Ms. Haley’s prospects don’t look much better. She may well win in New Hampshire, the primary electorate of which includes many non-Republicans and few evangelicals, but her appeal in Iowa was limited to upscale college graduates — the “wine track” Republicans that just barely eked out primary victories for Senators McCain and Romney in 2008 and 2012.

Yet the party is now dominated by “beer track” Republicans, as pollster Patrick Ruffini argues persuasively in his 2023 book “Party of the People: Inside the Multiracial Populist Coalition Remaking the GOP.” And no one back in 1984 paid much attention to the candidate who finished third in Iowa. I had to look it up: It was Senator McGovern.

In 1984, Democrats were vying for the nomination to face Reagan, who turned 73 two weeks before the Iowa caucuses, whose chief vulnerability seemed to be his unprecedentedly advanced age. Now we have a 77-year-old Republican former president apparently on the way to face the 81-year-old Democratic incumbent. 19 days into the new year, the vicissitudes of age seem the only serious threat to the two presidents’ renominations.

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