Does the First Amendment Apply to Speech on Social Media Platforms?

While ‘none of the precedents fit seamlessly,’ Judge Leslie Southwick says, a social media platform’s right to curate content is analogous to ‘the right of newspapers to control what they do and do not print.’

AP/Godofredo A. Vásquez
Meta's chief executive, Mark Zuckerberg, on September 27, 2023, at Menlo Park, California. AP/Godofredo A. Vásquez

Social media companies argue that their content moderation decisions are a form of editorial discretion protected by the First Amendment. Conservative critics of those companies reject that argument, even as they complain that the platforms’ decisions reflect a progressive agenda.

That contradiction is at the heart of two cases that the Supreme Court recently agreed to hear, which involve constitutional challenges to state laws that aim to correct the bias that Republicans perceive. Although supporters of those laws claim they are defending freedom of speech, that argument hinges on a dangerous conflation of state and private action.

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