James Joyce wrote “Ulysses,” the great Irish novel, in continental Europe, so it is just as well that New York City is staging a generous show of the man in full, in all his bawdily voluminous brilliance. The host is the Morgan Library, the cache is enviable, and the man it brings into focus is not a starchy old master but a language obsessive, an Irish exilic bard, and a literary wild man.