There is an uncanny symmetry in the two presidential candidates’ choice of vice presidential running mates. There are a few superficial differences — Senator Vance is 40, Governor Walz 60. Mr. Vance is bearded, Mr. Walz balding.

The similarities are greater, and they go beyond the fact of their military service. Both were chosen by principals in moments of exuberance: President Trump after he’d walloped President Biden in debate and survived an assassination attempt, Vice President Harris after she’d outperformed expectations and surged to a lead in the polls.

Each might have reflected that poll leads can vanish and that, in any case, theirs were not so impressive. Trump never quite reached 50 percent against Mr. Biden, and Ms. Harris’ numbers are well short of Mr. Biden’s 4.5-percentage-point popular vote lead that enabled him to win an Electoral College majority by only 42,918 votes in three states.

As it often does with politicians, optimism prevailed. Each nominee — Ms. Harris has been nominated preconvention over the internet — chose a candidate whose record accentuated the ticket’s differences from earlier party traditions — and who has seemed less likely than possible alternatives to appeal to voters dismayed by both alternatives.

Mr. Vance is a convert, to a true believer from a 2016 scoffer at Trumpism, in a demotic Republican Party that reflects the cultural discontents and economic grievances of a working-class majority — “demotic” comes from the same Greek root as “democracy.” He articulately defends tariffs, scoffs at Ukraine aid, and celebrates family values not just abstractly but with provocative references to “childless cat ladies.”

Mr. Walz, despite his roots in Blue Earth County, Minnesota, and occasional centrist congressional votes, has come to represent a metropolitan Democratic Party, whose big majorities in million-plus metro areas owe less to race-defined minorities and more to white college graduates in each electoral cycle.

He was sympathetic to rioters in May 2020 — he hesitated before sending in the National Guard. He has called for a “working ceasefire” in Gaza and signed a bill putting menstrual pads in fourth- to 12th-grade boys bathrooms.

For both sides, the vice presidential nominees have been target-rich environments. Mr. Walz, pre-designation, led Democrats in labeling Mr. Vance “weird,” and Republicans will undoubtedly respond with gusto.

And the candidates at the top of the tickets provide more targets. Trump inexplicably attacked the Republican governor in target state Georgia and suggested he didn’t realize Ms. Harris was Black, while Ms. Harris, if she ever allows questions from reporters, may have to explain why she ordered campaign aides to tweet renunciations of her 2019 support of abolishing Immigration and Customs Enforcement, banning fracking, and abolishing private health insurance.

The Vance and Walz selections can be explained as attempts to set the course of the parties over the long-term future — a demotic Republican Party that will outlast the 78-year-old Trump, a metropolitan Democratic Party that will expand Ms. Harris’ coastal California base to the flyover territories.

Yet in the short term, the Vance and Walz picks increase the chances the other party will achieve the trifecta — majorities in both houses of Congress and the White House — which both parties have plausibly sought in every presidential year this century. Democrats achieved it in 2008 and 2020, Republicans in 2004 and 2016.

Their 2022 election results suggest that neither vice presidential candidate’s electoral performance adds anything — zero, zip, nada — to each party’s appeal.

Mr. Vance won his Senate seat in Ohio with 53 percent of the vote, exactly the same as Trump’s percentage there in 2020. His percentages in metro Cleveland-Akron, 43 percent, and Columbus, 45 percent, were identical to Trump’s. He ran one point better, 54 percent, at metro Cincinnati, which includes his boyhood home of Middletown.

In the rest of the state, which includes the smaller Dayton, Toledo, and Youngstown metro areas and cast 43 percent of statewide votes, Mr. Vance’s percentage, 62 percent, was identical to Trump’s.

Mr. Walz’s boosters make much of his 2006-16 wins in a mostly non-million-plus metropolitan congressional district, although one reason was his success in Olmsted County, the upscale high-education home of the Mayo Clinic. Statewide, in races for governor, his percentage actually dropped to 52 percent in 2022 from 54 percent in 2018. That drop was greatest in the 38 percent of the state outside metro Minneapolis-St. Paul, to 40 percent from 46 percent.

His 2022 performance was uncannily similar to Mr. Biden’s in 2020. Both won 52 percent statewide, both won 71 percent in the two counties that include metro MSP’s two central cities, and both just narrowly lost, with 48 percent, in the ring of metro MSP counties beyond. In the rest of the state, Mr. Walz’s 40 percent was just below Mr. Biden’s 41 percent.

These numbers suggest we continue to live in an era of straight-ticket voting, with a close balance between the two parties, as they have come to be defined — and reinforced by the Vance and Walz selections.

That’s underlined by this week’s primary election returns. In the close Senate race in Michigan, which doesn’t have party registration, 51 percent of the votes, with 90 percent of returns in, were cast for Democratic candidates and 49 percent for Republicans. This is one of six Democratic-held Senate seats in which Democrats lead in polls but usually fall short of 50 percent.

Traditionally, incumbents less than 50 percent were considered vulnerable, but maybe not in a straight-ticket environment, where personal qualities matter less than party identification. If so, Democrats have hopes of holding on to a 50-50 split, with a Vice President Walz casting a tiebreaker. Their hopes for a trifecta, seemingly defunct a few weeks ago, seem alive.

So do Republicans’, however. Hopes of retaining their current narrow House majority look a bit better as more Republican than Democratic votes were cast this week in the Democratic-held Third congressional districts of Michigan and Washington, which also doesn’t have party registration.

Republicans’ hopes of achieving a trifecta appear better than Democrats’ — but far from assured. Underlying poll questions suggest most voters have a more positive view of the Trump presidency than of what Republicans are calling the Biden-Harris presidency, that inflation and immigration remain problems for Democrats, and that foreign policy doesn’t seem to help the incumbent party or its nominee.

Counterbalancing factors include the determination of most of the press to help Ms. Harris defeat Trump, evidenced most recently in the complacency at Ms. Harris’ unwillingness to answer questions or speak extemporaneously. And, of course, Trump’s undisciplined alarums and excursions, which helped defeat many Republicans in 2018, 2020, 2021 and 2022, may help defeat the nominee himself in a year when his polling, even with the Ms. Harris boom, continues to be stronger than in 2016 or 2020. It’s not over.

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