TAIPEI, Taiwan — President Tsai Ing-wen resigned as head of Free China’s ruling Democratic Progressive Party following local election losses on Saturday in which voters chose the opposition Nationalist party in several major races across the self-ruled island.

Concerns about threats from rival Communist China, which claims Taiwan as its territory, took a backseat to more local issues in the elections.

Ms. Tsai had spoken out many times about “opposing China and defending Taiwan” in the course of campaigning for her party. 

Yet the party’s candidate, Chen Shih-chung, who lost his battle for mayor of Taipei, only raised the issue of the Chinese Communist Party’s threat a few times before he quickly switched back to local issues as there was little interest. 

The winner of the race for mayor of the Free Chinese capital was the great-grandson of Chiang Kai-Shek, Chiang Wan-an. The elder Chiang fled from the mainland and transferred the Republic of China to Taiwan after the victory of the communists in the Chinese Civil War.

 “I will let the world see Taipei’s greatness,” said the newly-elected mayor, Mr. Chiang, at a victory rally.

Ms. Tsai offered her resignation on Saturday evening, a tradition after a major loss, in a short speech in which she also thanked supporters.

“I must shoulder all the responsibility,” she said. “Faced with a result like this, there are many areas that we must deeply review.”

While international observers and the ruling party have attempted to link the elections to the long-term existential threat that is Taiwan’s neighbor, many local experts do not think China had a large role to play this time around.

“The international community has raised the stakes too high. They’ve raised a local election to this international level, and Taiwan’s survival,” said a political science professor at National Taiwan University, Yeh-lih Wang.

During campaigning, there were few mentions of the large-scale military exercises targeting Taiwan that China held in August in reaction to Speaker Pelosi’s visit.

“So I think if you can’t even raise this issue in Taipei, you don’t even need to consider it in cities in the south,” Mr. Wang said.

In addition to the mayoral seat at Taipei, candidates from the Nationalist party won at Taoyuan, Taichung, and New Taipei city.

Taiwanese were picking mayors, city council members and other local leaders in all 13 counties and in nine cities. There was also a referendum to lower the voting age from 20 to 18, which was defeated, according to local media.

The new Taipei mayor, Mr. Chiang, declared victory Saturday night in a large rally.

Not all votes had been formally counted by the time of his speech, but Mr. Chiang and the other candidates’ numerical lead allowed them to declare victory.

A candidate in the relatively new Taiwan People’s Party, Kao Hung-an, won the mayoral seat in Hsinchu, home to many of Taiwan’s semi-conductor companies.

Campaigns had resolutely focused on the local: air pollution in the central city of Taichung, traffic snarls in Taipei’s tech hub Nangang, and the island’s Covid vaccine purchasing strategies, which had left the island in short supply during an outbreak last year.

The defeat for the ruling DPP may be partly due to how it handled the pandemic.

“The public has some dissatisfaction with the DPP on this, even though Taiwan has done well relatively speaking in pandemic prevention,” said a political science professor at National Sun Yat-sen University, Weihao Huang.

At an elementary school at New Taipei City, the city that surrounds Taipei, voters young and old came early despite the rain.

Yu Mei-zhu, 60, said she came to cast her ballot for the incumbent mayor, Hou You-yi. “I think he has done well, so I want to continue to support him. I believe in him, and that he can improve our environment in New Taipei City and our transportation infrastructure.”

Ms. Tsai came out early Saturday morning to cast her ballot, catching many voters by surprise as her security and entourage swept through the school.

“If the DPP loses many county seats, then their ability to rule will face a very strong challenge,” said the chairman of the Taiwanese Public Opinion Foundation, You Ying-lung. The foundation regularly conducts public surveys on political issues.

The election results will in some ways also reflect the public’s attitude toward the ruling party’s performance in the last two years, Mr. You said.

Some felt apathetic to the local race. “It feels as if everyone is almost the same, from the policy standpoint,” said a 26-year-old employee at a hardware store, Sean Tai.

Mr. Tai declined to say who he voted for, but wants someone who will raise Taipei’s profile and bring better economic prospects while keeping the status quo with China. 

“We don’t want to be completely sealed off. I really hope that Taiwan can be seen internationally,” he said.

Associated Press