BAGHDAD — The number of bombings and suicide attacks has dropped dramatically in the Iraqi capital, Prime Minister al-Maliki said today, claiming sectarian violence “is closed now.”

Meanwhile, a roadside bomb missed an American convoy in eastern Baghdad, killing a 12-year-old girl and wounding four other Iraqis, police said.

Mr. al-Maliki, a Shiite Muslim, told reporters that “terrorist acts” including car bombings and suicide attacks have dropped by 77% from last year’s high, a sign that Sunni-Shiite violence “is closed now.”

“When the sectarian strife is over, then I will not fear the gangs who are running between the provinces,” Mr. al-Maliki said, an apparent reference to Al Qaeda and other Sunni religious extremists that have been driven from the capital.

“The majority of these terrorists are fleeing to nearby countries, and I warned our brothers in the Islamic and Arab countries to be aware in order that they not harm these countries,” he said.

Mr. al-Maliki said he was considering an amnesty for those “who were lured or committed some crimes,” although he added that the move would not include those “convicted of killings or bombings.”

In a sign the government is working toward reconciliation, 70 former members of Saddam Hussein’s party were reinstated to their jobs after they joined the fight against Al Qaeda in Anbar province, a senior official with the commission that considered their cases, Ali al-Lami, said.

Mr. al-Lami said that the former Baath party members included 12 university professors, officers in the disbanded Iraqi army, former policemen, and teachers.

The upbeat statements reflected those of American military officials. Last week, the commander of American troops in Baghdad, Major General Joseph Fil, said bombings and killings had been declining steadily since a spike last June and “it continues to come down every month.”

Despite security improvements, violence is continuing, although at a lower level than last year at the height of the sectarian slaughter and before the arrival of nearly 30,000 American reinforcements sent to Iraq to stem the killings.

American soldiers sealed off part of the Baladiyat area after a roadside bomb exploded as an American convoy was passing through the mostly Shiite district, a policeman said on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to release the information.

The Iraqi victims were all bystanders, he said. There were no reports of American casualties.

In western Baghdad, assailants in a speeding car hurled a hand grenade at a minibus traveling to Baiyaa, a flashpoint neighborhood where Shiite militiamen drove away many Sunnis this year. Three minibus passengers were seriously wounded, a policeman said on condition of anonymity because he was also not authorized to release information to media.

Yesterday, attackers — also traveling by car — threw a grenade at a civilian vehicle in Baiyaa, wounding two passengers.

American officials have attributed much of the decline in violence to success in driving Al Qaeda in Iraq and other Sunni extremist groups from the Iraqi capital.

Also today, the American military said it had achieved “significant progress” in operations against Al Qaeda in four northern provinces since American and Iraqi forces launched Operation Iron Hammer last week.

An American statement said during the first week of the operation, American and Iraqi forces had detained more than 200 suspected extremists, captured three “high value” Al Qaeda operatives and seized more than a ton of various explosives.

American officers had predicted that Al Qaeda and other extremists groups would try to regroup in the mostly Sunni north after they were driven from strongholds in Baghdad and Diyala province this year.