BHURBAN, Pakistan — Pakistan’s election winners sealed an agreement today to form a coalition government and said parliament would restore judges fired by President Musharraf — further clouding the American-allied leader’s political future.

In the capital, police fired tear gas at protesters who gathered outside the residence of the deposed Supreme Court chief justice to demand his reinstatement.

The widower of slain opposition leader Benazir Bhutto, Asif Ali Zardari, and a former prime minister, Nawaz Sharif, whose government was ousted in Mr. Musharraf’s 1999 coup, announced their pact after talks at a resort town in the foothills of the Himalayas.

“The coalition partners are ready to form the government,” Mr. Sharif said at a news conference, reading from a joint statement.

Mr. Zardari, seated alongside, said his party had signed the agreement in honor of Bhutto, who was assassinated in a suicide attack on December 27, and her desire to put back Pakistan back on “the road to democracy.”

Bhutto’s Pakistan People’s Party won 120 seats in the new 342-seat National Assembly, followed by Mr. Sharif’s Pakistan Muslim League-N with 90. The former ruling party aligned with Mr. Musharraf got just 51.

The two largest parties, both moderate and secular, have vowed to form a broad-based government, raising Western hopes of stability and renewed commitment to fighting Al Qaeda and Taliban militants.

However, they are devoting most of their energy to cutting back Mr. Musharraf’s sweeping powers — a course the former military strongman seems unlikely to accept meekly.

Mr. Zardari and Mr. Sharif declared a breakthrough on two key issues: the makeup of the coalition and the future of the judiciary.

Mr. Sharif said his party would be part of a federal coalition led by the People’s Party, which is expected to name its candidate for prime minister this week.

In return, Mr. Zardari agreed that the new parliament would pass a resolution within 30 days of convening to reinstate dozens of judges fired by Mr. Musharraf after he declared emergency rule on November 3.

The leaders agreed that the judiciary would be restored “as it was on November 2,” suggesting that ousted Supreme Court chief justice, Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry, would return to his post.

But Mr. Zardari muddied the issue by saying that the current justices would not be “disturbed.”

“I think we’ll have to take a … stance on this whereby we have a collective wisdom and accommodate everybody,” Mr. Zardari said.

Mr. Musharraf first suspended Justice Chaudhry on March 9, 2007, provoking persistent protests by lawyers that grew into a powerful pro-democracy movement.

The Supreme Court reinstated Justice Chaudhry in July and was poised to rule on the disputed legality of Mr. Musharraf’s re-election as president when he fired the judges.

Today, about 600 demonstrators marched on Justice Chaudhry’s Islamabad residence — where he has been under house arrest for four months — chanting “We want freedom.”

Police fired tear gas after some protesters tried to cut through barbed wire at concrete barricades that block the entrance to the house.

Several thousand people, including labor union members and journalists, gathered peacefully in the southern city of Karachi also demanding that Mr. Musharraf step down.

“This is the verdict of the people of Pakistan,” read one banner, referring to the outcome of the elections.

Mr. Musharraf has said he will convene parliament shortly and on Saturday appealed to the election winners to turn to the business of governance in a country facing growing economic problems as well as Islamic extremism.

“Put the politics on the back burner and run the government,” Mr. Musharraf said.